“Long-term psychological and cognitive impacts and transgenerational trauma among survivors and offspring of the Anfal attempted genocide against Kurds.”
Assistant Professor Dr. Nahedh Taha Al-Qemaqchi a lecturer and researcher at the Architectural Engineering Department in Cihan University Sulaimaniya has published an article in the esteemed Journal of (MDPI/ Architecture).
This study presents a comparative architectural audit of toilet facilities in ten kindergartens in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan, evaluating the extent to which their design aligns with child-centered principles. A literature-based assessment framework comprising four domains, namely Autonomy and Functionality, Health and Hygiene, Safety and Comfort, and Aesthetics and Sustainability, was operationalized through 14 architectural indicators and assessed using a five-point rating rubric. Data were collected from architectural drawings and systematic on-site observations. The findings establish an architectural baseline for kindergarten toilet design in Erbil, revealing that while facilities generally achieve functional adequacy, they consistently fall short in terms of inclusivity, technological integration, and spatial quality. These results highlight the need for policy revisions that move beyond minimum compliance requirements toward comprehensive child-centered design standards, with particular emphasis on accessible fixtures and classroom-adjacent toilet layouts.
The journal is indexed in Scopus (Q1) and Cite Score of 2.2, with an Impact Factor of 1.4.
The article can be found in the following links:
https://doi.org/10.3390/architecture6020086
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