A Grateful Farewell: Honoring Professor Dr. Obaid Mahmoud for 12 Years of Dedication and Excellence
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nameer Qasim, a lecturer and researcher at the Cihan University-Sulaimaniya Research Center, who has a speciality in Telecommunication, has contributed an article to the esteemed Journal of Lancet Infectious Diseases, titled “Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific burden of diarrhoeal diseases, their risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990–2021, for 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,” provides an in-depth analysis of the burden of diarrhoeal diseases over three decades. This comprehensive study spans 204 countries and territories, offering critical insights into the age- and sex-specific impacts of diarrhoeal diseases, their associated risk factors, and aetiologies.
The research is a part of the Global Burden of Disease, explored that In 2021, diarrhoeal diseases caused an estimated 1·17 million (95% uncertainty interval 0·793–1·62) deaths globally, representing a 60·3% (50·6–69·0) decrease since 1990 (2·93 million [2·31–3·73] deaths). The most pronounced decline was in children younger than 5 years, with a 79·2% (72·4–84·6) decrease in diarrhoeal deaths. Global YLLs also decreased substantially, from 186 million (147–221) in 1990 to 51·4 million (39·9–65·9) in 2021. In 2021, an estimated 59·0 million (47·2–73·2) DALYs were attributable to diarrhoeal diseases globally, with 30·9 million (23·1–42·0) of these affecting children younger than 5 years. Leading risk factors for diarrhoeal DALYs included low birthweight and short gestation in the neonatal age groups, child growth failure in children aged between 1–5 months and 2–4 years, and unsafe water and poor sanitation in older children and adults. We estimated that the removal of all evaluated diarrhoeal risk factors would reduce global DALYs from 59·0 million (47·2–73·2) to 4·99 million (1·99–10·0) among all ages combined. Globally in 2021, rotavirus was the predominant cause of diarrhoeal deaths across all ages, with a PAF of 15·2% (11·4–20·1), followed by norovirus at 10·6% (2·3–17·0) and Cryptosporidium spp at 10·2% (7·03–14·3). In children younger than 5 years, the fatal PAF of rotavirus was 35·2% (28·7–43·0), followed by Shigella spp at 24·0% (15·2–37·9) and adenovirus at 23·8% (14·8–36·3). Other pathogens with a fatal PAF greater than 10% in children younger than 5 years included Cryptosporidium spp, typical enteropathogenicEscherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic E coli producing heat-stable toxin.
The journal of “Lancet Infectious Diseases” is indexed in Scopus (Q1), with an impact factor of 36.4 and CiteScore of 60·9.
The full article is accessible at the following link:
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(24)00691-1/fulltext
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